Neuropathology – 01

Author: Murat Gokden, M.D.

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1. The lesion shown in the image is from the brain of a 35-year-old, otherwise healthy woman. Which of the following is correct?

It is a dysmyelinating process

It most commonly involves basal ganglia

Presents with typical initial neurological signs and symptoms

It is a rare disorder in this age group

It is characterized by multiple lesions of various ages

2. The microscopic picture shows the entorhinal cortex from the autopsy of a 75-year-old woman. Which of the following is true regarding this process?

Gross examination of the brain rarely provides any clues

This feature is pathognomonic for this disease process

Definitive diagnosis is by autopsy

It presents with rapidly progressing dementia

Most common location for this finding is cerebellum

3. A 74-year-old man died as a result of lobar pneumonia. At autopsy, cerebellum showed atrophy of the vermis. This condition:

Can lead to cerebellar dysfunction in about 20% of cases

Predominantly affects granule cell layer

Is reversible with intensive therapy

Is the result of chronic methanol intoxication

Is the result of an acute intoxication

4. Which of the following is correct regarding the brain tumor shown in the picture?

Microcalcifications are helpful to the diagnosis, but are present in only 20 % of cases

It has a high propensity to infiltrate the leptomeninges, since most arise in the cortex

If identified, losses of 1p and 19q indicate better response to treatment

Most are WHO Grade II; however, some can be WHO Grade IV

Clear cytoplasm due to glycogen accumulation is typical

5. Which of the following is true regarding the anomaly depicted in the image?

It is due to hindbrain abnormalities

It is usually associated with iris abnormalities

Cerebellum, brain stem and pituitary gland may be unaffected

Spinal cord is unaffected

It occurs due to problems within the 3rd month of gestation

6. Which of the following is correct regarding the central nervous system tumors?

Supratentorial tumors are common in children

Meningioma is the most common primary brain tumor

The annual incidence is 2/100,000 for intracranial tumors

Biologic behavior does not necessarily correlate with histology

Hematogenous spread is common in high grade tumors due to vascular proliferation

7. Which of the following is correct regarding the brain tumor shown in the picture?

This is an undifferentiated tumor, although neuronal and glial markers can be expressed

It has a high propensity to infiltrate throughout the brain parenchyma

Losses of 22p is the most common genetic alteration

This is a highly malignant tumor with 5-year survival rate of less than 10%

The most common location is the pineal region of young adults

8. Based on this image, this process:

Is difficult to suspect due to ill-defined clinical picture

Is highly contagious among medical personnel

Evolves within a span of decades, with eventual death

Is primarily sporadic

Is a specific form of viral encephalopathy

9. A 64-year-old man died as a result of an assault, which involved blunt trauma to the head by a baseball bat, after remaining comatose for two days. The lesion shown in this image:

An organized abscess cavity

Is a remote intraparenchymal hematoma secondary to trauma

Is an acute hemorrhage

Is a remote infarct with hemorrhagic component

Is encephalomalacia due to trauma

10. Which of the following types of meningioma has the worst prognosis based on histological features?

Secretory

Rhabdoid

Metaplastic

Fibroblastic

Chordoid

11. The image is from the temporal lobe of a 5-year-old. This process:

Causes temporary neurological deficits that leads to death within a period of 8 to 12 years

Is of unknown etiology

Requires electron microscopic examination for definitive diagnosis

Produces a granulomatous reaction in most cases

Typically involves the temporal lobe

12. Which of the following is true regarding acute neuronal injury?

Eosinophilic neuronal necrosis is the earliest light microscopic sign

It can be reversible if detected by brain biopsy

Healing neurons can be identified as chromatolytic

Red neurons can be seen as early as 2 hours after injury

It represents the typical injury pattern associated with toxic-metabolic insults

13. Which of the following cell types originate outside the central nervous system?

Oligodendrogliocytes

Microgliocytes

Neurons of the dentate gyrus

Ependymocytes

Astrocytes

14. Which of the following is correct regarding the brain tumor shown in the picture?

In spite of gross total resection, the prognosis is grim

It is considered as a WHO Grade II tumor

It is a relatively well-circumscribed tumor, rendering gross total resection possible

It typically occurs in the cerebral hemispheres in the elderly

Typical gross appearance is a solid, well-circumscribed mass

15. A 40-year-old HIV-positive man was found to have multiple periventricular white matter lesions. Which of the following is most likely?

Toxoplasmosis

Multiple sclerosis

Cryptococcosis

Glioblastoma

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

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