Adenomatoid tumor of the epididymis is the second most common tumor in the paratesticular region (spermatic cord lipoma is most common). These benign lesions are mesothelial in origin (usually <2 cm, but can be up to 3-5 cm), but can have significant variation in appearance which can often be “malignant” looking (cords, nests, or tubule formation). Not infrequently the pathologist may be concerned about a carcinoma. Continue reading Adenomatoid Tumor – Epididymis
Category Archives: Uncategorized
Dyserythrpoiesis
Karyorrhexis
Karyorrhexis of erythroid precursors is refined as a pyknotic nucleus with nuclear (destructive) fragmentation (an abnormal form of apoptosis) that results in cell death. Continue reading Dyserythrpoiesis
Bladder-Small Cell Carcinoma
Small cell carcinoma (poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma) of the bladder is uncommon, but well documented. Small cell carcinoma can essentially occur at any site. Continue reading Bladder-Small Cell Carcinoma
Plasmacytoma
2016 WHO Classification
- Solitary Plasmacytoma of Bone
- Extra-osseous Plasmacytoma
Genitourinary Pathology Questions
- GU Pathology – 1
- More coming soon
Dermatopathology Questions
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Dermatopathology – 01
- More Coming Soon
Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma – Immunohistochemsitry
CHL Immunohistochemical Features:
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Positive in the malignant cells in almost all cases. Membrane staining with Golgi area positivity.
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Positive in the malignant cells in a majority of cases (75-85%). The staining pattern is similar to CD30. It should be noted that there is a lot a variability lab to lab in the performance of the antibody.
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Usually negative
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Dim expression in the lymphoma cells in >90% of the cases. Helpful in differentiating cases from anapestic large cell lymphoma, which may be CD45 negative.
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Usually negative, but may have dim variable subset expression in up to 20% of cases.
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Rarely positive in the lymphoma cells.
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Usually positive and usually intense.
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EBV
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Variable
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Rarely positive and usually weak if positive.
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OCT-2
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Negative in 90% of cases.
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Negative in 90% of cases.
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Negative or dim expression
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Negative.
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References
Hematopathology. [edited by] Jaffe, ES. 1st. ed. Elsevier, Inc. © 2011.
Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. V Kumar, et al. 9th Edition. Elsevier Saunders. 2015.
WHO Classification of Tumors of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. SH Swerdlow, et al. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Lyon, 2008.
Breast – Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia (ADH)
ADH is a neoplastic proliferation that shares some characteristics of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), but falls short quantitatively or qualitatively. ADH is associated with a moderately increased risk of developing an invasive breast carcinoma (4-5x relative risk, 13-17% lifetime risk).
The morphology is similar to DCIS, but the findings do not entirely fill the duct spaces and/or don’t fulfill a quantitative size requirement for DCIS (some require 2 mm lesion). In biopsy specimens it is important to perform an excision biopsy/lumpectomy because approximately 1/3rd of cases will have an associated higher grade lesion in the immediate vicinity (e.g. DCIS or an invasive carcinoma).
Breast lesions and risk of developing an invasive carcinoma
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Relative
Risk
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Absolute
Risk
(lifetime)
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Breast
Lesion
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1
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3%
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1.5 – 2
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5-7%
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4 – 5
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13-17%
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8 – 10
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25-30%
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References
Robbins, p. 1050-1051